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. U ITYED STATES To all, whom i t may concern:

'ATENT FFlCE.

JAMES F. McooWAmor BROOKLYN, New YORK, ASSIGNOR 'ro THE IRON GLAD MANUFACTURING COMPANY, on NEW YORK, N. y.

ENAMELED WARE AND @RNAMENHNG THEREOF.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 596,942, dated January 4, 1898. Applicationflled m 7, 189?. Serial No. 635,553. (spe -i l 3e it known that I, J AMES F. MCGOWAN, a citizen of the United States, residin gin Brooklyn, in the countyof Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Enameled Ware and the Qrnamenting Thereof, of which the following 1s a-specification.

' This invention relates to the art of ornamenting surfaces and articles of metal-such, for instance, as iron or steelor .of other suitable material upon the surface of which an enamel, vitrifiable, or other coating analogous thereto 1s applied, thereby to' mark or ornament the same and give it a shaded or clouded appearance.

The object of the invention isto provide a new and improved process and article of" ornamented ware in the manufacture of which simplicity in'thc process of manufacture, as well as highly satisfactory results in the pearance of the article when produced, comblue to make the process and article useful in the art to, which they appertain.

Heretofore there have been-various processes for obtaining enameled ware having What is technically called a mottled appearance, all of which, however, are essentially different from the process herein'about to be described, the results of which must be careiully distinguished from the effect obtained by the processes above mentioned;

8 a preface to a description of this im- Proved process, it will be understood that I y r may not use, as is deemed preferable, an ord nary ground or base coat on which the mat ngs hereinafter described'may be placed, and it will also be understood that the process herein described is one which is capable of a wide range of application, and therefore with in the scopeof this invention is included any article'of any suitable material on which a Vltnfiable or other analogous surface may be obtained. 3

This improved art or process contemplates, in a general way, the coating of the surface to be treated with some suitable vitrifiable and moistapplying thereto a partial coating material-such, for instance, as an 'enameling materialer. composition analogous thereto, and whllesuch surface coating is still undried so commingling the enamel coatings one with the other as to produce a clouded or shaded appearance, and then firing such surface so treated, whereby a durable product. having an attractive and ornamental appearance is obtained. The enameling material or compound may be prepared in accordancev\ ith any of the well-known formulas by which onamel is compounded and prepared for use in the ordinary processes of enameling, and therefore it will be understood that I do not confine myself to any particular formula in preparing and compounding such enamel coating, nor do I confine myself to any par-- ticular color or colors or tints of the same.

In carrying out this improved process the article or ware is first suitably prepared and may or may not have a foundation enamel coating, as may be preferred. The article to be ornamented having been so prepared, a coating of en ameling material of any desired color is then applied, this being done in a relatively even coating, and while this coat-' ing is still undried and moist a partial coating of enameling material or compound analogous thereto of a contrasting color or tint relatively to the color ortint of the undried coating is applied. This partial coating may be of the same constituency,exceptas to color,

as such undried coating, but is of such'consistcncy that the same can be readily sprayed onto such coating, and in practice it is preferably of a' greater degree of fineness and of greater fluidity than such foundation coating and is made a partial coating by being deposited in small drops or globules on that part of the surface of the article which the oper ator desires to decorate, such deposition being made in any desired way. In practice, however, it is preferably made by spraying the same thereon. "While the article is still IOO wet with such coatiu gs and is in such condition that there can be a partial intermingling of thesc'two enamel coatings of contrasting color, the article is subjected to vibration-as, for instance, by shaking or lightly striking the samevhercby by means of this vibratory motion there is an agitation of the st ill wet coatings, this producing the required partial intermingling of the same.

i From the foregoing it will be seen that imrially the second o I! move along on in practice and under mediately after the first coat is applied, this being done in a relatively even coating, and before the same or ornamenting material, which is of a relatively thinner consistency, is put on in spots and the article so treated then subjected to physical agitation. The vibration no to this agitation causes the superimposed bodies of ornamenting material the base coating, and in their progress through the relatively short distance which in practice they traverse the ornamenting material leaves behind its principal mass, some of its material adhering to the first coating, the principal part, however, moving along as directed by the vibration of the article, and during all this time there is going on an evening-up action of the fluid part of one coating with the fluid part of the other coating, and this action of the two fluids-that is, of the water of each of the two coating materials (in the area where one is superimposed upon the other)-is proceeding during the subjection of the article to the physical action, so that in a brief period the equalization of the fluids has progressed so far as to bring them into essentially the same condition and thereby terminate the commingling of the coloring-matter of the second coating with the material of the surface of the first coating and so stop the blending and the shading of the two materials. the conditions described the blending is thus made to extend to only a portion of the superimposed material and to extend principally to the thinner portions formed by the moving along or the spreading or both oi the small masses or areas of the second or ornamenting coating. By means of this mode of distributing or disposing the ornamenting material upon the articlc to be ornamented there is produced a peculiar and unique result, an ornamentation of a most desirable and pleasing appearance, and different from anything heretofore produccd in this art. The article so treated is then fired inthe usual manner, whereupon a product is secured which has a beautifully has had time to dry inategreater fluidity ceases clouded and shaded surface-that is to say, the drops or globules of colored enamel which made up the partial coating have been so disseminated and intermingled with the surrounding coatinginto and upon which it was applied that the coloring produced by these drops or globules is graduated in intensity of color, and appears sometimes as shaded spots and sometimes as shaded lines, all tending to form a graduated, clouded, or shaded surface, these spots or lines varying in appearance according to the size and number of the drops or globules and the amount of vibrato y motion given to the article during the process.

From the foregoing it will be seen that this process is essentially different from any other process known in the art, as in the present process a commingling and blending of the two enamels by vibratory motion is obtained, thus producing a peculiar clouded or shaded appearance.

By this p ocess I am enabled. to produce articles of enamel ware at a comparatively low cost and of great uniformity in quality and finish, which is muchdesired by the trade, and give to the ware an ornamental appearance essentially diffierent from the mottled or spotted appearance in enameled articles heretofore produced.

Having thus described my invention, I claim-'- 1; The process of ornamenting surfaces, which consists in applying thereto a moist vitrifiable coating; then, I is still moist and undried, applying a contrasting partial coating of fluid vitrifiable material of the same general constituency, but of greater fluidity than said first coating; then, while these coatings are still wet, subjecting the surface so treated to vibratory motion, thereby to secure a blending or intermingling of the coatings, whereby, after subjection to heat, a surface is produced having a graduated clouded or shadedappearance as com tradistinguished from a mottledone.

while said coating 7 metal ware having a graduated clouded or shaded ornamented enameled surface consisting of a foundation coating of enamelingmaterial and an in g of enameling material which was of than said foundation coating, the two coats commingled together, substantially as set forth.

JAMES F. MCGOVVAN.

\V i tn esses:

CHESTER Cons'rocn, J OHN S. CLARK.

outer contrasting partial coat- 

